| When we’re pregnant or
awaiting adoption, we dream about our baby-to-be, we always
envision those beautiful Hallmark card scenes: charming baby
smiling up at peaceful mother’s face. We read books
in advance of the big day about how care for a newborn —
how to bathe, feed and dress her — and then we feel
somewhat prepared. However, a crying baby was never part of
that idyllic vision, so this takes us by surprise. But the
fact is, all babies cry at one time or another. Some babies
cry more than others, but they all do cry. Understanding why
babies cry can help you get through this phase and respond
effectively to your crying baby — so can the list of
ideas that follows.
Why does my baby cry?
Simply put, babies cry because they cannot talk. Babies are
human beings, and they have needs and desires, just as we
do, but they can’t express them. Even if they could
talk, very often they wouldn’t understand why they feel
the way they do, they wouldn’t understand themselves
well enough to articulate their needs, so babies need someone
to help them figure it all out. Their cries are the only way
they can say, “Help me! Something isn’t right
here!”
Different kinds of cries
As you get to know your baby, you’ll become the expert
in understanding his cries in a way that no one else can.
In their research, child development professionals have determined
that certain types of cries mean certain things. In other
words, babies don’t cry the same exact way every time.
(Other child development experts, also known as mothers, have
known that for millennia.)
Over time, you’ll recognize particular cries as if
they were spoken words. In addition to these cry signals,
you often can determine why your baby is crying by the situation
surrounding the cry. Following are common reasons for Baby’s
cry, and the clues that may tell you what’s up:
Hunger: If three or four hours
have passed since his last feeding, if he has just woken up,
or if he has just had a very full diaper and he begins to
cry, he’s probably hungry. A feeding will most likely
stop the crying.
Tiredness: Look for these signs:
decreased activity, losing interest in people and toys, rubbing
eyes, looking glazed, and the most obvious — yawning
If you notice any of these in your crying baby, he may just
need to sleep. Time for bed!
Discomfort: If a baby is uncomfortable
— too wet, hot, cold, squished — he’ll typically
squirm or arch his back when he cries, as if trying to get
away from the source of his discomfort. Try to figure out
the source of his distress and solve his problem.
Pain: A cry of pain is sudden
and shrill, just like when an adult or older child cries out
when they get hurt. It may include long cries followed by
a pause during which your baby appears to stop breathing.
He then catches his breath and lets out another long cry.
Time to check your baby’s temperature and undress him
for a full-body examination.
Overstimulation: If the room
is noisy, people are trying to get your baby’s attention,
rattles are rattling, music boxes are playing, and your baby
suddenly closes her eyes and cries (or turns her head away),
she may be trying to shut out all that’s going on around
her and find some peace. It’s time for a quiet, dark
room and some peaceful cuddles.
Illness: When your baby is
sick, he may cry in a weak, moaning way. This is his way of
saying, “I feel awful.” If your baby seems ill,
look for any signs of sickness, take her temperature and call
your healthcare provider.
Frustration: Your baby is just
learning how to control her hands, arms, and feet. She may
be trying to get her fingers into her mouth or to reach a
particularly interesting toy, but her body isn’t cooperating.
She cries out of frustration, because she can’t accomplish
what she wants to do. All she needs is a little help.
Loneliness: If your baby falls
asleep feeding and you place her in her crib, but she wakes
soon afterward with a cry, she may be saying that she misses
the warmth of your embrace and doesn’t like to be alone.
A simple situation to resolve…
Worry or fear: Your baby suddenly
finds himself in the arms of Great Aunt Matilda and can’t
see you; his previously happy gurgles turn suddenly to crying.
He’s trying to tell you that he’s scared: He doesn’t
know this new person, and he wants Mommy or Daddy. Explain
to Auntie that he needs a little time to warm up to someone
new, and try letting the two of them get to know each other
while Baby stays in your arms.
Boredom: Your baby has been
sitting in his infant seat for 20 minutes while you talk and
eat lunch with a friend. He’s not tired, hungry or uncomfortable,
but he starts a whiny, fussy cry. He may be saying that he’s
bored and needs something new to look at or touch. A new position
for his seat or a toy to hold may help.
Colic: If your baby cries inconsolably
for long periods every day, particularly at the same time
each day, he may have colic. Researchers are still unsure
of colic’s exact cause. Some experts believe that colic
is related to the immaturity of a baby’s digestive system.
Whatever the cause, and it may be a combination of all the
theories; colic is among the most exasperating conditions
that parents of new babies face. Colic occurs only to newborn
babies, up to about four to five months of age. Look for patterns
to your baby’s crying; these can provide clues as to
which suggestions are most likely to help. Then experiment
with some of the ideas in this list and in the rest of this
article.
- If breastfeeding, feed on demand (cue feeding), for nutrition
as well as comfort, as often as your baby needs a calming
influence.
- If breastfeeding, try avoiding foods that may cause gas
in your baby, such as dairy products, caffeine, cabbage,
broccoli and other gassy vegetables.
- If bottlefeeding, offer more frequent but smaller meals;
experiment with different formulas with your doctor’s
approval.
- If bottlefeeding, try different types of bottles and nipples
that prevent air from entering your baby as he drinks, such
as those with curved bottles or collapsible liners.
- Hold your baby in a more upright position for feeding
and directly afterwards.
- Experiment with how often and when you burp your baby.
- Offer meals in a quiet setting.
- If baby likes a pacifier, offer him one.
- Invest in a baby sling or carrier and use it during colicky
periods.
- If the weather’s too unpleasant for an outside stroll,
bring your stroller in the house and walk your baby around.
- Give your baby a warm bath.
- Hold your baby with her legs curled up toward her belly.
- Massage your baby’s tummy, or give him a full massage.
- Swaddle your baby in a warm blanket.
- Lay your baby tummy down across your lap and massage or
pat her back.
- Hold your baby in a rocking chair, or put him in a swing.
- Walk with Baby in a quiet, dark room while you hum or
sing.
- Try keeping your baby away from highly stimulating situations
during the day when possible to prevent sensory overload.
- Lie on your back and lay your baby on top of your tummy
down while massaging his back. (Transfer your baby to his
bed if he falls asleep.)
- Take Baby for a ride in the car.
- Play soothing music or turn on white noise such as a vacuum
cleaner or running water.
- As a last resort, ask your doctor about medications available
for colic and gas.
What about fussy crying?
There are plenty of times when you can’t tell if your
baby’s crying is directly related to a fixable situation:
hunger, a soiled diaper, or a longing to be held. That’s
when parents get frustrated and nervous. That’s when
you should take a deep breath and try some of the following
cry-stoppers:
Hold your baby. No matter the
reason for your baby’s cry, being held by a warm and
comforting person offers a feeling of security and may calm
his crying. Babies love to be held in arms, slings, front-pack
carriers, and (when they get a little older) backpacks; physical
contact is what they seek and what usually soothes them best.
Breastfeed your baby. Nursing
your baby is as much for comfort as food. All four of my babies
calmed easily when brought to the breast — so much so
that my husband has always called it “The Secret Weapon.”
And my babies are very typical. Breastfeeding is an important
and powerful tool for baby soothing.
Provide motion. Babies enjoy
repetitive, rhythmic motion such as rocking, swinging, swaying,
jiggling, dancing or a drive in the car. Many parents instinctually
begin to sway with a fussy baby, and for a good reason: It
works.
Turn on some white noise. The
womb was a very noisy place. Remember the sounds you heard
on the Doppler stethoscope? Not so long ago, your baby heard
those 24 hours a day. Therefore, your baby sometimes can be
calmed by “white noise” — that is, noise
that is continuous and uniform, such as that of a heartbeat,
the rain, static between radio stations, and your vacuum cleaner.
Some alarm clocks even have a white noise function.
Let music soothe your baby.
Soft, peaceful music is a wonderful baby calmer. That’s
why lullabies have been passed down through the ages. You
don’t have to be a professional singer to provide your
baby with a song; your baby loves to hear your voice. In addition
to your own songs, babies usually love to hear any kind of
music. Experiment with different types of tunes, since babies
have their own favorites that can range from jazz to country
to classical, and even rock and rap.
Swaddle your baby. During the
first three or four months of life, many babies feel comforted
if you can re-create the tightly contained sensation they
enjoyed in the womb.
Massage your baby. Babies love
to be touched and stroked, so a massage is a wonderful way
to calm a fussy baby. A variation of massage is the baby pat;
many babies love a gentle, rhythmic pat on their backs or
bottoms.
Let your baby have something to suck
on. The most natural pacifier is mother’s breast,
but when that isn’t an option, a bottle, pacifier, Baby’s
own fingers, a teething toy, or Daddy’s pinkie can work
wonders as a means of comfort.
Distract your baby. Sometimes
a new activity or change of scenery — maybe a walk outside,
or a dance with a song, or a splashy bath — can be very
helpful in turning a fussy baby into a happy one.
Reading your baby’s body language
Many times, you can avoid the crying altogether by responding
right away to your baby’s earliest signals of need,
such as fussing, stiffening her body, or rooting for the breast.
As you get to know your baby and learn her signals, determining
what she needs will become easier for you — even before
she cries.
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